How is net profit or loss calculated?

"The final figure—or bottom line—on an income statement is the net profit (or net income) or net loss. It is calculated by subtracting all expenses from revenues. If revenues are more than expenses, the result is a net profit. If expenses exceed revenues, a net loss results. Several steps are involved in finding net profit or loss. First, cost of goods sold is deducted from net sales to get the gross profit. Then total operating expenses are subtracted from gross profit to get the net profit before taxes. Finally, income taxes are deducted to get the net profit. As shown in Table 14.2, Delicious Desserts earned a net profit of $32,175 in 2018. It is very important to recognize that profit does not represent cash. The income statement is a summary of the firm’s operating results during some time period. It does not present the firm’s actual cash flows during the period. Those are summarized in the statement of cash flows."