How can jobs and work environments influence motivation?

"Hawthorne effect: The phenomenon that employees perform better when they feel singled out for attention or feel that management is concerned about their welfare. Hygiene factors: Extrinsic elements of the work environment that do not serve as a source of employee satisfaction or motivation. Job enlargement: The horizontal expansion of a job by increasing the number and variety of tasks that a person performs. Job enrichment: The vertical expansion of a job by increasing the employee’s autonomy, responsibility, and decision-making authority. Job rotation: The shifting of workers from one job to another; also called cross-training. Job sharing: A scheduling option that allows two individuals to split the tasks, responsibilities, and work hours of one 40-hour-per-week job. Motivating factors: Intrinsic job elements that lead to worker satisfaction."