"Health care in the United States is a complex issue, and it will remain complex with the continued enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). This Act, sometimes called “ObamaCare” for its most noted advocate, former President Barack Obama, represents large-scale federal reform of the United States’ health care system. It expands eligibility to programs like Medicaid and CHIP, helps guarantee insurance coverage for people with pre-existing conditions, and establishes regulations to make sure that the premium funds collected by insurers and care providers go directly to medical care. It also includes an individual mandate, which requires everyone to have insurance coverage or pay a penalty. A series of provisions, including significant subsidies, are intended to address the discrepancies in income that are currently contributing to high rates of uninsurance and underinsurance."