Ideas in this flowchart

• Compaction affects soil pore balance and plant production
• Compaction reduces pore space
• It changes the balance among air-filled pores, available water, and unavailable water
• High bulk density may be useful for some building purposes
• High bulk density generally restricts plant growth
• It limits root penetration
• It limits aeration
• It limits water movement
• When plant production is the goal, management practices should avoid compaction