"Name calling is declaring something is bad without any real evidence. No further discussion or investigation is required. The matter is closed. The bad name is the conclusion that we should all accept and start repeating. It works to create fear and loathing towards the target, and it can be applied against individuals, groups, belief systems, religions, institutions and nations. Name calling is a substitute for a reasoned weighing up of the merits of something. It is characterised by a tone of scorn, sarcasm and ridicule. The best way to deal with this technique is to calmly ask yourself what does the name really mean? Is there a real connection between the idea and the name being used? Does the idea have merit if the name is left out? Propagandists as well as charismatic leaders are adept at using catchphrases that connect with deeply held values and beliefs in the audience. Little or no supporting evidence is given. Glittering generalities appeal to abstract ideas like honour, glory, love of country, desire for peace, security, freedom and family values. The words used are vague enough to mean what people want them to mean, but the implication is always favourable. No-one can prove it wrong because it says very little in concrete terms. The best defence is to calmly ask yourself what does the slogan or catch-phrase mean? Is there a real connection between the idea and the slogan being used? Does the idea have merit if the slogan is left out?"