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Reference Notes

Reference Notes (Human Nutrition · zero) — "a Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Dietary Reference Intakes Tables. b (RDA) = Recommended D…

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  • Appendix A compares dietary reference values and upper intake levels for micronutrients.
  • The reference tables come from the Food and Nutrition Board of the U.S. Institute of Medicine.
  • The comparison covers adult men and women, Dietary Reference Intakes, Daily Values, and upper intake levels.
  • Dietary Reference Intake categories include RDA, AI, and UL.
  • RDA means Recommended Dietary Allowance.
  • AI means Adequate Intake.
  • UL means Tolerable Upper Intake Level from food and supplements combined.
  • SULs and Guidance Levels are established by the United Kingdom Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals of the Food Standards Agency.
  • SUL means Safe Upper Level for daily intake from dietary supplements.
  • Guidance Levels are used when the evidence is inadequate to establish an SUL.
  • These levels are intended for potentially susceptible individuals who could take supplements daily throughout life without medical supervision in reasonable safety.
  • SULs and Guidance Levels are generally conservative, and higher amounts may be safe for some nutrients during short periods.
  • The presented values apply to a 60 kg adult; the full publication provides values per kilogram of body weight.
  • The magnesium UL applies specifically to pharmacological agents and dietary supplements in addition to dietary intake.
  • The Food Standards Agency publication Safe Upper Levels for Vitamins and Minerals provides the SUL and Guidance Level information.
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Human Nutrition

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"a Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Dietary Reference Intakes Tables. b (RDA) = Recommended Dietary Allowance, AI = Adequate Intake, indicated with * c UL = Tolerable Upper Intake Level (from food & supplements combined) d SUL = Safe Upper Levels; SULs and Guidance Levels (indicated by **) set by the Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals of the Food Standards Agency, United Kingdom. These are intended to be levels of daily intake of nutrients in dietary supplements that potentially susceptible individuals could take daily on a life-long basis without medical supervision in reasonable safety. When the evidence base was considered inadequate to set a SUL, Guidance Levels were set based on limited data. SULs and Guidance Levels tend to be conservative and it is possible that, for some vitamins and minerals, greater amounts could be consumed for short periods without risk to health. The values presented are for a 60 kg (132 lb) adult. Consult the full publication for values expressed per kg body weight. This FSA publication, Safe Upper Levels for Vitamins and Minerals, is available at: http:/ /www.foodstandards.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/vitmin2003.pdf e The UL for magnesium represents intake specifically from pharmacological agents and/or dietary supplements in addition to dietary intake. Appendix A: Comparison of Dietary Reference Intake Values (for adult men and women) and Daily Values for Micronutrients with the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL), Safe Upper Levels (SUL), and Guidance Levels | 619"

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