"AI is reshaping cancer drug development by streamlining aspects of cancer science and medicine that have traditionally been time-consuming, expensive, and high-risk. By analyzing vast datasets, modeling complex biological systems, and uncovering meaningful insights, AI is helping researchers identify key drivers of disease and design new therapies more efficiently. These innovations have the potential to accelerate drug discovery while delivering safer, more targeted treatments to patients. Early drug development involves target identification—determining the genes, proteins, or pathways most critical to cancer progression—and drug discovery—finding or designing drugs that can act on those targets (see Sidebar 27). Innovations such as AlphaFold, which earned the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for leveraging AI to predict the 3D structure of proteins, are enabling researchers to model the structure of millions of proteins with high accuracy and opening new paths to therapeutic development (1047)Callaway E (2024) Nature, 634: 525.. At the same time, AI is helping scientists predict and address drug resistance by integrating multi-omic and clinical data to develop more effective, personalized treatment strategies (1048)Mao Y, et al. (2025) Mol Cancer, 24: 123.."