Ideas in this flowchart

• AI is reshaping cancer research and patient care while introducing new complexity.
• AI can both help and hinder clinical decision-making.
• This complexity raises concerns about fairness, transparency, and accountability.
• Researchers have highlighted the lack of standardized benchmarks for using AI in medicine.
• Shared datasets, evaluation methods, and consistent performance metrics are lacking.
• Without standardization, AI tools may be optimized for narrow clinical contexts.
• Examples include tools that work well only with one hospital’s patient population or imaging protocols.
• Such tools may fail to generalize to broader clinical use.
• The findings are reported by Mahmood F (2025) in Nature Medicine, 31: 1060–1064.