"Neoantigen-targeting peptide vaccines are another promising therapeutic cancer vaccine strategy. A personalized neoantigen vaccine trial in patients with kidney cancer who were considered at high risk of recurrence after having their tumors completely removed through surgery demonstrated strong immune system activation, targeting key driver mutations and inducing durable T-cell responses, with all nine vaccinated patients remaining disease-free after a follow-up of more than 3 years (1101)Braun DA, et al. (2025) Nature, 639: 474.. In another trial, a shared antigen vaccine, which targets mutations or proteins commonly found across patients’ tumors, is being tested in patients with resected pancreatic and colorectal cancer. This vaccine targets mutant KRAS peptides and is being evaluated in combination with nivolumab and ipilimumab, investigating potential combined effects between vaccine-induced immune response and ICIs (1102)Liang KL, et al. (2025) Cancers (Basel), 17..\n\nResearchers have also recently shown promising results from a trial that used personalized vaccines targeting neoantigen peptides predicted in individuals with high-risk solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. All trial participants showed positive neoantigen-specific T-cell and B-cell immune responses. The study also revealed that even tumors with relatively few genetic mutations could be effectively targeted using tailored neoantigen selection, and that vaccine-induced immune responses correlated with long-term survival in some patients (1103)Saxena M, et al. (2025) Cancer Discov, 15: 930.."