"The bulk RNA-seq datasets are available in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under the accession number PRJNA1278825. Spatial transcriptomics datasets are also publicly available for download in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under accession number GSE300023. Mass cytometry datasets for the T cell panel of SARS-CoV-2 patient samples and the CyTOF-based ADCC study are publicly available at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19364244). The NK panel data for SARS-CoV-2 patients were obtained from a previously published study (https://www.jci.org/articles/view/146408). Supplementary Information is available with this paper, and additional materials are available from the authors upon reasonable request. Source data are provided with this paper as Supplementary Data 6."