Bifalgorithm post · Latest research · Factors associated with post-COVID condition (phase II, 2024)

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Primary Model (Latest research · Factors associated with post-COVID condition (phase II, 2024)) — "The analyses of Phase II were conducted using the same stepw…

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  • Phase II analyses identified factors associated with PCC using a stepwise multivariable approach.
  • The analyses followed the same stepwise approach as the first survey.
  • System-specific multivariable models were developed first.
  • A final adjusted model followed the system-specific models.
  • Across organ systems, 20 acute-phase symptoms were associated with PCC.
  • The final multivariable model identified demographic and symptom associations with PCC.
  • Female sex was associated with PCC (aOR, 1.83; 95% CI 1.23–2.71).
  • Age ≥ 50 years was associated with PCC (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI 1.10–2.38).
  • The final model included six symptom variables associated with PCC.
  • Fatigue was associated with PCC (aOR, 1.95; 95% CI 1.25–3.0).
  • Concentration difficulties were associated with PCC (aOR, 2.91; 95% CI 1.80–4.70).
  • Memory impairment was associated with PCC (aOR, 2.14; 95% CI 1.12–4.01).
  • Sleep disturbance was associated with PCC (aOR, 1.93; 95% CI 1.07–3.49).
  • Palpitations were associated with PCC (aOR, 2.69; 95% CI 1.07–6.75).
  • Depressive symptoms were associated with PCC (aOR, 13.82; 95% CI 1.72–111.84).
  • The depressive-symptom estimate was imprecise because few non-PCC participants were exposed, resulting in a wide confidence interval.
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"The analyses of Phase II were conducted using the same stepwise approach as in first survey, beginning with system-specific multivariable models and followed by a final adjusted model.\n\nAcross organ systems, 20 acute-phase symptoms were associated with PCC (Supplementary Table S9b).\n\nIn the final multivariable model (Table 1), female sex (aOR, 1.83; 95% CI 1.23–2.71) and age ≥ 50 years (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI 1.10–2.38) were associated with PCC. Symptom variables included fatigue (aOR, 1.95; 95% CI 1.25–3.0), concentration difficulties (aOR, 2.91; 95% CI 1.80–4.70), memory impairment (aOR, 2.14; 95% CI 1.12–4.01), sleep disturbance (aOR, 1.93; 95% CI 1.07–3.49), palpitations (aOR, 2.69; 95% CI 1.07–6.75), and depressive symptoms (aOR, 13.82; 95% CI 1.72–111.84). The aOR estimate for depressive symptoms was imprecise because of the small number of exposed participants in the non-PCC group, as reflected by the wide confidence interval."

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