Bifalgorithm post · Crystal · Building the Blockchain

Why can a transaction take time to become fully confirmed?

Why can a transaction take time to become fully confirmed? (Crystal · Building the Blockchain) — "A transaction may be accepted by merchants before final confi…

Ideas in this flowchart

  • Transaction acceptance, blockchain confirmation, and chain consensus
  • A transaction may be accepted before final confirmation
  • Merchants may accept the transaction
  • Payment processors temporarily bear the risk
  • The risk concerns possible non-confirmation
  • The underlying blockchain process still requires miner inclusion
  • Miners include the transaction in a block
  • The block must be valid
  • The protocol delays spending newly awarded bitcoins
  • Ninety-nine additional blocks must be added
  • The delay gives the network time to develop consensus
  • The network develops strong consensus about the original block
  • Are two blocks found at nearly the same time?
  • The network chooses one chain to continue
  • The selected chain continues
  • The other block becomes orphaned
  • The orphaned block's reward is invalidated
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Why can a transaction take time to become fully confirmed?

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Crystal

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"A transaction may be accepted by merchants before final confirmation through payment processors that temporarily bear the risk of non-confirmation, but the underlying blockchain process requires miners to include it in a valid block. The bitcoin protocol also delays a miner’s ability to spend newly awarded bitcoins until ninety-nine additional blocks have been added, giving the network time to develop strong consensus about the original block. If two blocks are found at nearly the same time, the network chooses one chain to continue, and the other block becomes orphaned with its reward invalidated."

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