"Figure 2.88: Shown are different portals of entry where pathogens can gain access into the body. (c) Rice University. OpenStax Microbiology. CC BY 4.0. https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology . Figure 2.89: Glycocalyx produced by bacteria in a biofilm allows the cells to adhere to host tissues and to medical devices such as the catheter surface shown here. Modification of work by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public Domain. Figure 2.90: H. pylori is able to invade the lining of the stomach by producing virulence factors that enable it to pass through the mucin layer covering epithelial cells. Modification of work by Zina Deretsky, National Science Foundation. Public domain. Figure 2.91: Pathogens leave the body of an infected host through various portals of exit to infect new hosts. (c) Rice University. OpenStax Microbiology. CC BY 4.0. https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology . Figure 2.92: This patient has edema in the tissue of the right hand. Attributed to OpenStaxCNX. CC BY 3.0 Unported. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2707_Edema_of_Right_Hand_Due_to_Allergic_Reaction.jpg Figure 2.93: Hyaluronan is a polymer found in the layers of epidermis that connect adjacent cells. (c) Rice University. OpenStax Microbiology. CC BY 4.0. https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology . Figure 2.94: Lipopolysaccharide is composed of lipid A, a core glycolipid, and an O-specific polysaccharide side chain. (c) Rice University. OpenStax Microbiology. CC BY 4.0. https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology . Figure 2.95: In A-B toxins, the B component binds to the host cell through its interaction with specific cell surface receptors. Modification of work by (c) “Biology Discussion Forum”/YouTube. CC BY"