"- ica.jpg Figure 4.9: Overgrowth of Candida in the mouth is called thrush. It often appears as white patches. Modification of work by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public domain. Figure 4.10 (a) When food enters the mouth, digestion begins. Modification of work by National Cancer Institute. Public domain. Figure 4.11: This child shows the characteristic parotid swelling associated with mumps. Modification of work by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public domain. 304 SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND GI\n\nFigure 4.12 This figure indicates safe internal temperatures associated with the refrigeration, cooking, and reheating of different foods. Modification of work by USDA. Public domain. Figure 4.13: Red and white blood cells can be seen in this micrograph of a stool sample from a patient with shigellosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public Domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shigella_stool.jpg Figure 4.14: Salmonella entering an intestinal epithelial cell by reorganizing the host cell’s cytoskeleton via the trigger mechanism. Modification of work by National Institutes for Health. Public Domain. Figure 4.15: (a) Outbreaks of cholera often occur in areas with poor sanitation or after natural disasters that compromise sanitation infrastructure. Left, Middle: modification of work by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public domain. Right: modification of work by Janice Carr, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public domain. Figure 4.16: Helicobacter infection decreases mucus production and causes peptic ulcers. Top Left: Modification of work (c) Santhosh Thomas/YouTube. CC BY 4.0. Top Right: Figure 1B from Moriya, M., Uehara, A., Okumura, T. et al. Stress-induced hemorrhagic gastric ulcer after successful Helicobacter pylori eradication: two case reports. J Med Case Reports 5, 252 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-5-252. CC BY 2.0. Bottom: (c) Rice University. OpenStax Microbiology. CC BY 4.0. https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology Figure 4.17: Clostridium difficile is able to colonize the mucous membrane of the colon when the normal microbiota is disrupted. Top: modification of work by Janice Carr, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public domain. Bottom: (c) Rice University. OpenStax Microbiology. CC BY 4.0. https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology"