"300 Vaccines (shots) also help lower cancer risk. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine helps prevent most cervical cancers and several other kinds of cancer, and the hepatitis B vaccine can help lower liver cancer risk. A person’s cancer risk can be reduced with healthy choices like avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol use, protecting your skin from the sun and avoiding indoor tanning, eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, keeping a healthy weight, and being physicall y active. Avoiding Tobacco Cigarette Smoking Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, and cigarette smoking causes almost all cases. Compared to nonsmokers, current smokers are about 25 times more likely to die from lung cancer. Smoking causes abo ut 80% to 90% of lung cancer deaths. Smoking also causes cancer of the mouth and throat, esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, voicebox (larynx), trachea, bronchus, kidney and renal pelvis, urinary bladder, and cervix, and causes acute myeloi d leukemia. Visit smokefree.gov to learn how you can quit smoking. Secondhand Smoke Adults who are exposed to secondhand smoke at home or at work increase their risk of developing lung cancer by 20% to 30%. Concentrations of many cancer - causing and toxic chemicals are higher in secondhand smoke than in the smoke inhaled by smokers. Protecting Your Skin Skin cancer is the most common kind of cancer in the United States. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays f rom the sun and tanning beds appears to be the most important environmental factor involved with developing skin cancer. To help prevent skin cancer while still having fun outdoors, protect yourself by seeking shade, applying sunscreen, and wearing sun - pro tective clothing, a hat, and sunglasses. DETECTING MELANOMA Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. Often the first sign of melanoma is a change in the size, shape, color, or feel of a mole. Most melanomas have a black or black - blue area. Melano ma may also appear as a new mole. It may be black, abnormal, or “ugly looking.” Thinking of “ ABCDE ” can help you remember what to watch for: • A symmetry – the shape of one half does not match the other • B order – the edges are ragged, blurred or irregular"