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"An agency shop is a workplace in which workers don’t have to join a union but must pay union dues. An open shop is a workplace in which workers do not have to join the union or pay union dues. A labor union is an organization that represents workers in dealing with management. A local union is a branch of a national union that represents workers in a specific plant or geographic area. A federation is a collection of unions banded together to achieve common goals. Collective bargaining is the process of negotiating a labor agreement. A grievance is a formal complaint by a union worker that management has violated the contract. A management rights clause is a clause in a labor agreement that gives management the right to manage the business except as specified in the contract. Arbitration is settling labor-management disputes through a third party. The decision is final and binding. Mediation is a negotiation process in which a specialist facilitates labor-management contract discussions and suggests compromises. Conciliation is a negotiation process in which a specialist in labor-management negotiations acts as a go-between for management and the unions and helps focus on the problems."