Ideas in this flowchart

• The chapter examines motivational theory and its application to business success.
• Learning outcomes organize the main questions about employee motivation.
• Historical foundations of motivational theory explain how management thought developed.
• Frederick Taylor’s scientific management introduced basic principles for organizing work.
• Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne studies revealed important insights about worker motivation.
• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs relates different human needs to employee motivation.
• McGregor’s Theories X and Y and Ouchi’s Theory Z explain different views of worker motivation.
• Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory identifies the basic components influencing employee motivation.
• Contemporary theories and management practices apply motivation concepts to employee performance.
• Four contemporary theories of employee motivation offer insights into improving performance.
• Managers can redesign existing jobs to increase employee motivation and performance.
• Organizations use current initiatives to motivate and retain employees.
• Motivation is a key to success in the business world.