Ideas in this flowchart

• Four contemporary motivation theories offer insights into improving employee performance.
• Expectancy theory explains motivation through expected outcomes.
• Motivation depends on the individual’s belief that an action will produce a particular outcome.
• Motivation also depends on how much the individual values that outcome.
• Equity theory focuses on employees’ perceptions of fairness.
• Employees compare how fairly they are treated with how their coworkers are treated.
• Goal-setting theory links motivation to clear goals and progress information.
• Specific goals can motivate employees to perform.
• Feedback on progress supports motivated performance.
• Reinforcement theory explains behavior through its consequences.
• People perform behaviors because they expect other events or consequences to follow.